The Spark

SCAMPER

Stretch an idea by substituting, combining, adapting and more.

Structured ideation checklist with seven lenses: Substitute, Combine, Adapt, Modify/Magnify, Put to other uses, Eliminate, Reverse/Rearrange. Each lens forces the mind out of default mode into a new angle.

Quick Facts
Duration~20 minutes
CategoryThe Spark
OriginBuilding on Osborn, 1971
Created byBob Eberle
Used in pathways
The Spark
Try SCAMPER → Download canvas PDF ↓

When to use it

Use when brainstorming feels repetitive, when improving an existing product, service, or process rather than creating something new, or when teams find open-ended ideation unfocused.

Great in The Spark when you have something concrete to remix.

How it works in The Studio

Here's how a session works with WAiDE:

1
Define the subject
What product, service, or idea are you stretching?
2
Substitute
What could you replace?
3
Combine
What could you merge together?
4
Adapt
What could you borrow from elsewhere?
5
Modify
What could you amplify or shrink?
6
Put to other uses
Who else could use this?
7
Eliminate
What could you remove entirely?
8
Reverse
What if you flipped the order or approach?
9
Select strongest ideas
Which lenses produced the most promising directions?

Sample output

Here's what a SCAMPER session looks like in practice:

Example: Quarterly Planning Meeting
S
Replace the meeting with async video updates
Saves 3 hours
C
Merge planning with retrospective
One session, two outcomes
A
Borrow Amazon's "6-page memo" format
Forces clarity before discussion
M
Extend from 1 day to 3 short sessions over a week
Reduces fatigue
P
Open the planning session to customers
Get real input
E ★
Eliminate the slide deck entirely
Force conversation, not presentation
R
Start with outcomes and work backwards
What would make this quarter a success?
Strongest Idea
Eliminate the slide deck — it forces real conversation instead of presentation theatre. The team has to actually think together instead of watching slides.

What you get

Broad set of raw ideas from seven distinct angles. Goal is volume and variety. Best ideas from each lens selected for development or testing.

Foundation

Created by Bob Eberle in 1971, building on Alex Osborn's brainstorming work. Used by IDEO, INSEAD, Babson College, Philips, and 3M.

IDEOINSEADBabson CollegePhilips3M

Why it works

SCAMPER works because open-ended brainstorming is cognitively expensive. Without structure, minds default to familiar territory — the first ideas are always the obvious ones, which is why they're rarely the best ones. SCAMPER solves this by breaking the single impossible task ("think of a great idea") into seven smaller, directed questions. Each lens activates a different cognitive mode, forcing the brain into unfamiliar territory it wouldn't visit on its own.

The framework builds on Alex Osborn's core insight that creative blocks are largely social and psychological rather than intellectual. Osborn showed in the 1950s that separating idea generation from evaluation dramatically increased output quality and quantity. SCAMPER inherits this principle — each letter is a permission structure that gives the thinker explicit licence to question something that normally feels fixed.

The "Eliminate" and "Reverse" lenses are particularly powerful precisely because they feel counterintuitive. Most organisations are optimised to add, not subtract. Asking what should be removed forces a confrontation with sacred cows. Reversals — what if the customer did this for us? what if the last step came first? — frequently reveal assumptions that are entirely arbitrary but have been treated as structural facts.

The mechanism: SCAMPER doesn't ask you to be creative. It asks you to apply seven verbs, one at a time. Creativity emerges as a byproduct of directed constraint — which is why the final idea is almost never the one you'd have generated without the framework.

Frequently asked questions

Do I need to work through all seven letters every time?

No — and trying to force every lens can produce padding rather than insight. The goal is to identify which two or three lenses are most generative for your specific subject, then go deep there. WAiDE will help you notice which letters are surfacing real ideas and which are producing forced answers.

What's the difference between Adapt and Combine?

Combine asks what you can merge within your existing context — two features, two audiences, two processes. Adapt asks what you can borrow from a completely different domain or context. Adapt is mash-up thinking in disguise: what would this look like if it were a hotel, a hospital, a street market? The source of the idea matters — Combine stays close, Adapt travels far.

SCAMPER keeps producing incremental ideas. How do I get to something genuinely new?

Incremental results usually mean the subject is defined too narrowly. Try reframing what you're applying SCAMPER to — instead of "our product", apply it to "the customer's current behaviour" or "the category convention". The further the subject is from your existing offer, the more disruptive the output tends to be.

How is SCAMPER different from just regular brainstorming?

Regular brainstorming is generative but directionless — it produces volume but rarely covers orthogonal directions. SCAMPER is a structured traversal of the idea space: seven lenses guarantee you visit corners of the problem that pure brainstorming typically skips. Research consistently shows that structured divergence outperforms free association for idea quality, not just quantity.

Try SCAMPER?

WAiDE will guide you. About 20 minutes.

← Back to toolboxStart SCAMPER →